Review on Crisis of Water and Relationships of the Aquaculture Sustainability
Anisa Mitra
Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat college, West Bengal, India.
Prabal Barua *
Department of Knowledge Management for Development, Young Power in Social Action, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aquaculture plays a crucial role in global food production and nutrition security, with ongoing advancements essential for sustaining this industry. Global demand for fish is continuously rising. Between the almost stagnant wild fish catch and the increasing demand for fish, aquaculture has filled the void, currently accounting for roughly 50% of the 190 million tonnes of fish produced worldwide. Despite its youth, aquaculture still has a lot of room to grow horizontally and enhance its production methods in order to fulfill the needs of the world's 10 billion people by 2050. However, the developing worldwide water crisis is posing a "access-limitation to freshwater resources" challenge for the sector. With over 40% of the world's population currently experiencing water scarcity, the situation is expected to worsen in the near future when freshwater—even for human consumption—will become scarce, making it difficult to use for fish farming. Adequate quality and quantity of water are necessary for aquaculture's sustained growth and long-term viability. This may eventually limit opportunities for diversification in one's career and means of subsistence, as well as heighten social pressures that affect the aquaculture industry as a whole. Currently, several steps have been done by nations to address the problems associated to water. Aquaculture greatly depends on the preservation of green and blue water, integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems, recycling, and waste-water reuse. The sustainability of aquaculture should be maintained by taking comprehensive, multi-sectoral actions to lower vulnerability and increase resilience while adjusting to the water issue. In this assessment, an attempt has been made to look at the current situation and potential problems brought on by the water crisis while identifying workable, adaptable ways to keep aquaculture sustainable in order to inform future policy decisions. Therefore, we must conserve water above and beyond human demands if we hope to keep fish, the least expensive source of animal protein, available for future generations. Enhancing water use efficiency in aquaculture through intensification and diversification will not only help ensure "future water security," but also reduce disputes the sector has with other water users.
Keywords: Water scarcity, aquaculture production, freshwater resources, integrated aquaculture agriculture systems
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